When English Privateers Conquered Quebec

(upbeat music) - Hi and welcome back to Maple History. If you'd like to support the show, please follow me on blue sky and Instagram at Maple History Pod and TikTok at Maple History. And if you really want to support the show, consider signing up to the Patreon at patreon.com/mapplehistory. There are a couple bonus episodes on there now and there are some chat rooms that are currently pretty lonely, but I hope that some brave chatterboxes can get things rolling. The chat rooms are available if you sign up for free and the bonus episodes are for paid members. Anyways, let's get started. I'm Christine Austin and I have Simon here again to talk about the English Conquering Quebec. - And I am looking forward to it. I'm a little under the weather today, but hey, that's all right. - You'll be fine, you'll be fine. - I've already told you to get over it twice, three times, I don't know. - Can you just stop? - I like, have you tried knocking it off? Like, that's enough. Anyways, so the English Conquering Quebec. No, it's not the one you're thinking of. That's the whole Seven Years War, Wolf and Muck Com at the Plains of Abraham. This is a totally different one. - Oh, the OG. - Yeah, so the one I'm talking about today is when some English/Scottish quasi pirates steamrolled into a fragile Quebec and took it over in 1629. - Love pirates. - Yeah, they kind of, I mean, technically they weren't, but they kind of were. - I was like, I don't know what I would call them radicals. They're really daring people. I remember when I first heard about the Feenian raids when I was in high school. And I was like, I love these guys, I mean, I hate them. But I love them. - Yeah, they were kind of lose-er-ish. - Yeah, but crazy, like, we're gonna attack Canada. And then they're just like, I did. That's why. - Well, these guys are a little more official. They had support from the King, so. - Okay. - But they're more like the privateers. So yeah, almost an English colony early on, just for a minute. - All right. - Things over at the Quebec colony, they were going okay, but tensions were brewing that would contribute to the English taking Quebec without much of a fight at all. As discussed in the last episode, the relationship between the traders and the Jesuits was full of animosity. Now that Champlain was working on building a strong relationship with the Wendat, that any were feeling pushed out despite having a longer relationship with Champlain in the French. There were steady complaints of overly high prices for European goods, which chafed at the bonds between the French and the A new. So Champlain was well aware of this, but he was brazenly pushing forward with his policies and decisions, contributing to the continued deterioration of the alliance. One issue that was causing a lot of problems was that he was keeping someone prisoner, who he thought killed two Frenchmen. This was very much against the indigenous view of justice. What would they do instead? You'd give gifts or you'd kill them. It's either capital or... Yeah, if it's friendly, you'd give gifts to the family. Otherwise, you're starting a blood feud, which will destroy the community. His continued support of the Jesuits who were interfering with trade didn't endear him to anyone aside from the Jesuits. So back in France, there were some people who were working hard to make the colony a success. Guillaume de Cen had had an exclusive monopoly on the fur trade, but with Cardinal Richelieu in the game, it was not long before Protestant-like de Cen was pushed out and a new organization took its place. In 1627, the company of 100 associates was started with 100 men, paying into it, including Richelieu. He's number one. He's got to get his bank, right? And Champlain, I think his wife got him on the list. - So are these guys like investors? - Yeah, another one is Emery de Cen. No relation as far as I know to Guillaume and this guy's Catholic. So you're gonna hear Emery de Cen. Guillaume, he got the heave ho. So this group was very keen on getting more settlers to go to New France in late 1627 and early 1628. So they started recruiting people. By 1628, they were ready to go with upward of 400 colonists and quite a slew of ships full of goods to support this major boost to the Quebec colonists population. - All right. - Which would be a huge increase. - That's a big increase. I wonder if they're gonna actually build like palates and then like guard the villages this time. - Yeah, that'd be great. - They should probably do that. - Yeah. (laughs) - Not like Acadia. It's fine, we're just gonna go hunting. It's cool. - While this was going on, there were other people very interested in profiting off a colony in Canada. There was a Protestant family. They were based in Dieppe, France, but they were originally from England who wanted to expand their already extensive business interests. The head of the family was Gervais Kirk and he had five sons, David, Louis, Thomas, John, and James. I've been getting those names confused. I'm trying to go through the notes and read and about which son is in charge at any given time, but most of the time I'm just gonna say the Kirk's. - Okay, yeah, fair. - If you really wanna get into it, you can check the notes on the podcast episode and read the books 'cause if you really need to know who was in charge at any given moment, whether it's David or Thomas or Louis, all the part of you. So together, this family had a growing network of legitimate associates and associates with a more malleable set of scruples. - Okay, friends in low places. - I feel like they're mafia, but not mafia. - Okay, yeah. - They're just kind of shady. - Well, a lot of business back then was-- - Honestly, a lot of business right now. It was pretty shady. - A lot of business right now is pretty shady. You're right there, yeah, you're right, yeah. - Things weren't going very well at all for the Protestants in France at the time, so they were keen to start picking up allies, even if they were going to cross the line into being a traitor if they were French. So the Turks formed an alliance with Sir William Alexander, who had been granted a royal charter to found a colony. That's now Nova Scotia. Alexander had been King James' tutor and one of the translators who worked on the King James Bible, so he's just kind of in it, right? - Yeah, that's a big impact. - Yeah, so King James is dead by this point, so it's Charles the first that's in the game now. - Okay. - So three of the Kirk brothers had already been out in 1626 on a frigate, basically acting like pirates. They were just taking ships and looting. Of course they were, but anyhow, they team up with the Scots and other Huguenotsons London to make a plan to attack New France and give the French the boot from there. They had some help from a pilot of Champlain's named Jacques Michel, so pilots like, not a navigator, but lower than a captain. - You're like the one steering the ship? - Yeah, like in physical control. He was a Huguenot and he really hated the Jesuits and Rishalu because they had decided that the town of La Rochelle was a dangerous Protestant stronghold, which it was, and they wanted to teach them a lesson. They conducted a siege on the town and killed upwards of 20,000 people. - What? - Yeah, they died from either violence in the siege itself or the knock on effect of starvation from the siege. - Wow. - Yeah, and this was part, this is a larger piece in the small Anglo-French war that was taking place because their Huguenots, their Protestant, the English were supporting La Rochelle, so that's why they were attacking that. And a lot of the sailors that went to New France were from the La Rochelle area. - Okay. - And a lot of the merchants, like the lot of the early support were Protestants. - Are they like riffraff, kind of at this point? - Huguenots had money, there's class in every group. The Huguenots had a strong merchant class. - Okay, so they weren't like the outcasts of society or anything like that? - Yeah, but very few of them would have been within the aristocracy. - Okay. - There were some that was all cleared out, so to speak, in the French wars of religion that had ended like 30 years before, but the 30 years war had started. That started in 1618 and went to '48, but that was more German, but the French were getting in on it too. - Okay. - And it was kind of this international conflict. - Interesting, okay. - And it was like before World War II, Germans would say, yeah, the 30 years war was the worst war ever. - Okay. - That's how bad it was. - Before World War II, not even World War I. - Yeah. - Well, wow, okay. - Yeah. (laughs) - Yeah. - 'Cause they had to pay reparations after World War I, but they're still not that bad. - But their country wasn't physically destroyed. - Yeah, okay. - Just morally and they were poor and they were starving by the end. But the 30 years war was brutal. - Wow, okay. - So yeah, they're part of a larger Anglo-French war, which is how the Turks got the charter from Charles I to attack the French colonies. Because it's just part of their, we're at war, so I'm gonna attack your shit. - Hmm, yeah, it makes sense. - I'll take it. - Yeah. - So. - Hurt you everywhere, kind of. - And Charles wasn't funding him, right? The Turks were doing it themselves. - Yeah. - It was kind of a self-funded, so it's like, yeah, sure. - Yeah, yeah, go ahead. - Sure, I'll write your note, it's fine. - Here's the hall pass. - So Michelle was looking for revenge and the Turks planned to oust the French from Quebec with something that he could help with. So David Kirk commanded the ship with his brothers, Thomas and Louis, serving under him. They arrived at Tatasak in the spring of 1628 and they were welcomed by the Inu, who saw them as an opportunity to improve their situation with European traders since they had been edged out by the French Wendat Alliance. - Yeah. - And Champlain was just being a dick. So the Inu actually hid the English men's arrival into New France from Quebec. - Oh, interesting. - So they started working with them right away. - Wow. - 'Cause otherwise scouts would have been sent, right? - What would that be called? Is that like a ruse to care, not even? - They didn't hide them physically. - I think I don't think they could work. - But they didn't like let on that they were there. They probably were like still interacting with the Wendat and stuff, but they were like, "Yeah, we're just not gonna mention." - Well, the Wendat are really far away, right? - True. - So they would only come for specific trading times or if they had been living with them for a time being 'cause they have family connections. - They would have kept it quiet. - Yeah. - They kept on the down though. - Yeah, they did. And so they started raiding, being the started reading the farms and killing livestock and some of the Inu helped them. They were like, "Yeah, sure, let's go." (laughs) Anyways, so the English arrived at the Preve Farm in Capturment, sorry, and killed many of the animals and destroyed as much property as they could including destroying the little cap of the little girl that lived there. - They wrecked her hat. - Yeah. - That's weird. - Yeah, it's holes. (laughs) That's a weird thing to do. - Yeah. - Was she there? - Yeah. - They just came and took her hat. - I just shredded it. - Puttin' it through it on the ground. - That's so weird. - Brutes. So they took the household captive. So it's four men, a woman, and the little girl. We don't know her name. Call her Marie. It probably was her name, honestly. (laughs) And they sent them down in a small ship to Quebec 'cause their main ship couldn't go down there. - And she didn't have a hat. - She had this. - Had this. - Had this. Crying. There were some Basques captives with them 'cause of course there were. - Yep. (laughs) - So they had a letter from David Kirk for Champlain that was exceedingly polite but warned them that they had 18 ships that would attack if he did not surrender. They were lying. Champlain sent an equally polite letter back saying, "No, we're not going anywhere." So he was still expecting the ships from the 100 associates at any time 'cause he would have had messages that they're coming, right? - Yeah. - So he liked his chances. So Kirk decided that it wasn't the right time to attack the settlement at Quebec despite his advantage. So he decided to head back hoping that he could intercept the colonial envoy. Fortune favored the bold and Kirk spotted the French fleet just beyond Rumuski. - Okay. - Hey, Rumuski. - Rumuski. (laughs) - I lived in Rumuski for a few months. I did a French exchange there. - So they started firing on each other. You know, as if they got a range, whatever. They had a little sea battle. But Kirk's guns had better range. So they could stay out of range at the French ships. So the French, they gave it all they got. They kept firing, but soon they ran out of powder and shot and they had kind of shot everything that could fit into a cannon, I guess, on the deck. - Yeah, silverware. - Yeah, there's like the chains and whatever. They're just firing it and it's like, didn't do much. - Yeah, it's not making it. - So the ships were packed with settlers and sailors and the Kirk's took 400 people captive. - Wow, okay. - So they destroyed a whole bunch of their ships, like 18 ships. They kept some so they could send the people back home and for the loot. So people of value, they kept prisoner and took back to England with them. So this would include, say, the Jesuits. And Ementacha, he is a Wendat teenager that the Jesuits had brought back to France two years before. - Okay. - So they thought that he was a Wendat Prince. - Jesuits? - No, the English thought, yeah, we're gonna take him 'cause he's a prince. - Okay, gotcha. - I think that Jesuits might have told him that. - Yeah. - Which I like. - Yeah, he's a prince, yeah. - I mean, that's fine. - Oh, yeah. - So yeah, he went, he got a trip to England. He had been finally going back home and his father, Serran, had been anxiously waiting for his return. Serran has had gone to get back two years in a row to meet his son just waiting and like-- - Duh. - And come and go back home and like, we're talking like a month-long trip. - Yeah, it's a poor dad. - It's a vag, yeah. - He was probably very sad. He missed his son. - So poor Serran has would have to wait for a little while longer for Amantache to come home because yeah, he was gonna spend the next year in England. And the Turks had been told, like I said, by the Jesuits that he was a Wendat Prince. So when they brought him to England, they treated him like one. They bought him a whole new fancy wardrobe and he met all sorts of fancy people and he would have been shown around, like similar to how Pocahontas was because she was an Indian princess, if you forgive the term. - Yeah. There was precedent for this. - Okay. - 'Cause Pocahontas was a little earlier. - Yeah, yeah. - Like not much earlier, but like a little bit earlier. - Nobody can see that you do the quotes. (laughs) - Sorry. - The air quotes. - Sorry. - Indian princess air quotes. - That's what they call her. - I know, I know. (laughs) It's not your term, it's the historical record. - Yes. So Amantache had a much better year than Champlain did or really anyone else at the Quebec settlement. They had been looking forward to that large influx of supplies that the colonists were bringing with them. He knew that it was going to be a terrible winter. So he sent about 20 people to go live with the Wendat who were happy to look after them. The rest of the people would be on tight rations. To Champlain's credit, he did not expect to take a large portion for himself. In fact, he took as little as possible and surely sacrificed his health as a result. What he did not sacrifice was his sense of superiority and expectation of deference to his leadership from the any chiefs that lived in the area. That any were steaming about the man Champlain was keeping prisoner as well as what they considered continued price gouging for the goods they wanted. So they fought back by only selling a small amount of eels that they caught for very high prices. - Well, it makes sense. - Yeah. - Whatever. - Oh, you're gonna price gouge? - Oh, interesting. The French did not know how to catch the eels as the technique of two men going out in a canoe at night under torchlight was not something that Inu had passed along to the French. I'm sure it took a fair amount of skill. - Yeah. - So eventually Champlain released the ailing prisoner, but he demanded as part of this prisoner release deal that they had to supply Champlain with food and obey his orders. - Okay. - Yeah. It's brilliant negotiating in his part with a keen eye to smoothing the diplomatic relationship between the French and Inu. Come on. That's gonna work great. - You guys have to obey my orders. Okay. - And give me food. - And give me food, yes. - 'Cause I'm giving you back this sick man who can barely walk anymore 'cause I'm not treating very well. Cool. Part of Champlain's grand idea to make everyone fall in line was he decided that they needed to set up a council of chiefs, but Champlain would decide who was on it and more importantly, who would lead it. Champlain chose a chief that everyone hated. He's the alcoholic Chomina. Chomina had been one of the Inu that had rushed to help Champlain defend Quebec when they knew the Turks were attacking outlying farms. The other Inu had been helping the English so Champlain was looking to reward loyalty. This did not sit well at all with the other chiefs. Erawachi of Tatasak, Badaskan from Tuarevier and Tessouat from the Kitchis Perini in Ottawa Valley. I got it. - You got it. - He's the guy that Champlain and the whole Divino thing where the guy said he went to Hudson Bay. - Oh yeah. - That's that guy. He's been around for a long time. He must be old. Anyways, he's been disrespected. This is me editorializing, but I suspect that they thought Chomina was a bootlicker and they did not want to take any orders from him. - Yeah. - You have to prove yourself to be a leader. Continuously, deference is not given by position alone. So Champlain's grasp on discipline was slipping in the colony. He sent out French hunters who did get a mousse, but they were greedy buggers and ate most of it themselves. Like I'm like, "Shh, that's a lot of food." - That is a crazy amount of food. - I don't know how many there were though. It's not like it's two guys. - Yeah, but a mousse is like... - I know, they were enormous. I mean, half of them are legs though, but anyways, it doesn't matter. So Champlain was outraged by this and didn't send any more hunters out because they couldn't be trusted. So it was a horrible time and Champlain wrote about hearing children crying from hunger. So I do understand why he was so put out by the greedy hunters. They had failed in their duty to the community. - Yeah. - By springtime, they were nearly at a food and people were forced to seek out roots and herbs in the forest to sustain themselves. Surprisingly, no scurvy was reported during this hellish year. So when the Turks returned and came to Tada Sack and down the river, Champlain had little choice but to surrender to them. The Turks had been busy during their time in England and had formed the fabulously named company of adventurers to Canada. - Oh, fun. - I'm pretty sure they sat around congratulating each other but how cool their company name was when they came up with it. So cool. - It's pretty cool name. - They're so cool. I mean, you know what guys? And I bet someone drew a crest for a batch. - Yeah. - You know, for damn sure they did. - But it was a sweet crest. - I bet you it was. Probably had-- - Like a beaver. (laughing) - Like a moose. - A raging beaver. - That'd be a raging beaver to use. (laughing) - So the Kirk set out for Quebec bringing Amantache with them. It was a long tent summer with the Inu becoming increasingly unhappy with Champlain. They were still fuming about the disrespect shown to them about the council and it was made even worse when Champlain wouldn't return three girls to the Inu that they had asked him to look after during the famine of early 1628. Champlain didn't understand that it was a temporary foster situation, that they were not being given to him. Champlain believed them now to be his adopted daughters and he was going to take them to France with him. So as a result of this decline in the relationship between the French and the Inu, the Inu went to Tatasak to wait for the English to return and hope they would give the French the boot. - Wow. - So the Turks arrived at Tatasak and Champlain sent someone out with a white flag while he drafted terms that he would propose to the Turks. The terms were pretty reasonable, no abuse to his people. Kirk needed to produce the commission that his acts were legitimate warfare. That is people be taken back to France. They could take their property with them and Champlain could take the three girls. He believed he had adopted back to France with him. - Yeah, all right. - So the Turks had already acquired some more French turncoats. They got Nicola Marcellais and Etienne Boule. - Etienne Boule. - They sure did, yeah. And Marcellais advised the Turks that Champlain had sleazy designs on these girls so they should stay in Quebec. - Oh. - Yeah, so Champlain cared deeply about taking these girls home with him. One girl, Faith, had already decided that she wanted to stay, but the other two girls, Hope and Charity, wanted to go with him. - Faith, Hope and Charity? - Yes, that's the names we have. I don't know what their original names were. - Okay. - But indigenous people in the culture, they could change names. So this story was recorded by Father Seguard, I think Gabriel Seguard, in his book about New France. The Turks invited Champlain, the girls, and Marcellais to dinner, and the topic of their Hope journey to France was very much the main event of the evening. Hope and Charity were not some meek little waifs, waiting for the men to decide their fate. They accused Marcellais of wanting them for himself. And Hope angrily said, "If you come near me again, "I shall plunge a knife into your breast, "though I should die for it a moment after." And Charity had her back and said, "If I had your heart in my hands, "I should eat it more readily and with greater spirit "than I should eat any of the meats on that table." - Wow, okay. - Love them. So despite their pleas, the Turks decided that they needed to stay in New France with their people over concerns that if they let them go, they would face problems with the Inu. So they didn't know who to believe. - Yeah. - And I think this is a fair point because the families did want them to come home and they would have made things very difficult for the new leadership in Quebec. But also, Seguard hated Marcellais. They can't remember Seguard was Recollette or Jesuit. I think he's Recollette. - Okay. - Doesn't matter, they hated them anyways 'cause these guys are not religious. - Yeah. - But I don't know, maybe Marcellais was a perv. They had accused him of trying to seduce them. - Yeah. - And so they didn't want anything to do with him. I kind of lean towards Champlain being a fatherly sort 'cause he's getting old, but then again, his wife. - He did have a child bride. - And she hated him off and on. So I don't know. There's no way to know. The only record we have is an awesome few lines here. - Yes, yeah. - Charity and hope. Listen, you can decide for yourself. I'm giving you the information. Champlain who is super religious, but just 'cause you're super religious doesn't mean you're not super creepy with the girls. So I don't know. But at the same time, he seemed to be a true believer and it makes sense that he got these girls and he wanted to be a father figure to him. He didn't have children of his own. So I think it's entirely plausible that he was on the up and up. It's entirely plausible that Marcellais was a horny bugger and he liked the look of the girls. - Why does going back to stay with the innu mean that Marcellais is gonna get ahold of them? - His Marcellais was the interpreter for the innu. He lived with them. Brule was with the Wendat. The relationships were very close. You were very much with people all the time. - As the interpreter did, you have like a super powerful relationship. - He's just there a lot. I think it's just presence. He's just access to them, right? - Yeah, and they said they didn't like him, so. - Yeah, I think it's pretty fair to say that Marcellais and the wrong here. So I'm kind of leaning on the Champlain side despite his creepy child bride situation from 20 years before. So in general, the Kirk's treated the French respectfully with the exception of the Jesuits. Remember, the Protestants and the Protestants hate the Jesuits and vice versa. I mean, it's not that they were whipping the wrong thing. They were just yelling at them. - Yeah. - And they would only let the Jesuits take their books and like, not all their stuff. - Okay. - They were just treating them poorly in general in relation to the other ones. They berated them for trying to control the fur trade. Marcellais got in on this harangue too. He had a score to settle for his ill treatment by them for a few years ago. And Jacques Michelle was there with some choice words for Brible and the other Jesuits and got himself into such a lather that he collapsed and died a day later. - What? - Yeah. He was probably like sick. I mean, people are not healthy, but yeah, he died the next day. - How do you get yourself into such a lather that you die? - I don't. - That's wild. - Anyways, he was pissed. Anyway, Saranhe's had dutifully returned to Quebec. Again, that year. And was very happy to see his son Amantaccia return and looking well. Amantaccia came with, I said, a very fine clothing because Thomas Kirk had believed him to be the son of the king of Canada. - Yeah, king of Canada, okay. - When Kirk saw that Saranhe's was not a king, he was livid because he felt he was duped into giving expensive clothes to the son of a naked Indian. So he wanted to just take the clothes back from Amantaccia. - Oh, GCM, it's not gonna go well. - Yeah, Edchen Brule was there to interpret for him and made it pretty clear that this would go very poorly if he tried that. - Yeah. - So Amantaccia went back to his people with his dad in style. - Nice. - Happy story. So Champlain and the Jesuits were taken back to England, but they didn't stay there long as the usual diplomats are around and help get them back home. So it wasn't the arrow keeping prisoners for ransom like in Richard Leinhart and stuff like that where they kept people and they got money. No, there was more diplomacy going on these days. That Champlain did learn that a treaty had been signed months before the Kirk said taking Quebec so their actions were illegal. - Oh. - Mm-hmm. And he would swear the next few years getting his colony back. - Okay. - So in the meantime, the Turks were in control of Quebec. Some colonists had stayed to work their farms and were happy to have a bit more freedom to trade for furs that had been forbidden under French control. - Interesting. - Well, they had built up those farms and they had crops and things like that. So they stayed. - It's interesting to hear that they were barred from trading for furs. - They had to control the monopoly, right? 'Cause they would take the profit. - Yeah. - The profit had to go to the company and there was different companies that had different monopolies over the time. And I'm not getting, I'm, my eyes glazed over and they're like chamber of commerce discussions. I don't bother with that. - Yeah, no, that's fair. - So, trade was more or less free and the average colonists and labor was able to make extra money. Things went well for that first year or so and trade was booming in 1630. But by 1631, things had cooled significantly. It could have been just a year that wasn't a huge draw for the Wendat and you needed to go trade. Sometimes not every year they did. - Yeah. - Because maybe they had all everything they needed. But there could have been growing distrust of the English because of the introduction of alcohol to the Wendat. The anywhere already used to it because of the many years that they had direct contact with the ships coming in. - Mm-hmm. - And they used, they had kind of spiritual experiences and obviously some addiction issues. - Yeah. - But it was brand new to the Wendat 'cause the French had banned the sale of it or distribution of it. - Well, but the English brought it in, okay. - Yeah, they didn't care. - Yeah. - And they were not used to the experience. So it could have soured the relationship between them. - Yeah. - So that's maybe why they didn't go back that year. They were just kind of like, they're wary of them. But by 1632, the English were gone because there was a final treaty signed to end the Anglo-French war as Saint-Germain-Arnley. Whatever they were fighting about. Part of it was Charles I was mad because the French, he married a French princess and the French hadn't paid the dowry. That's like part of why they were fighting. - Oh, really? - Yeah. - Okay. - There was other reasons but he wanted the money. - Go to war over a dowry. - Yeah, why not? I mean, like I said, there are other reasons, there's power struggles in that. But yeah, but part of the, like one of the big treaty line items was I want my money. - Pay the dowry, all right? - Yeah. - Anyways, so Champlain got his colony back. And when he returned in 1633, he came with the Jesuits again and a zeal for control and conversion of the indigenous population. What he was going to get though was massive epidemics that would kill huge amounts of the indigenous people in warfare with an ascendant Haudenosaunee. - Uh, okay. - Things are gonna get bad. - Getting dark. - The Beaver Wars are coming. - Okay. - Well, the Beaver Wars already started, depending on who you talk to, but the Beaver Wars are coming. - Yeah. - For our narrative. So next up, we will be talking about the Acadian Civil War. There is a lot of intrigue and drama in that story with some heroes, villains, and finally some heroines. - Nice. - And after that, I will finally get to the tell the story of Echemberle. I've been looking forward to this one for a long time. - It's a good one. - So some of you might know what happens to him. I might have mentioned it, I can't remember. It's not great. - Yep. - But anyways, we'll get to that, and yeah. So, thanks, follow all the things, if you can. - All right. - Share it all around. - All right. - Thanks, everyone. - Thanks. - Bye. - Bye. (upbeat music)