Listen, the personal bravery of these people is stunning.
Hi, and welcome back to Maple History.
My guest for this episode is Guess Who?
Hey, it's me again.
It's weird calling you my guest since you live here and we're recording and what's also your better.
Yes, yes, it is my bedroom too.
Anyways, if you do like the show, please consider leaving a 5-star review on Apple or Spotify, I guess, too.
Yeah.
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There's an article and there is one bonus episode of a book review of Isola, the Reese Witherspoon book.
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So if you wanted to chat, as long as everyone is nice, then it can be extremely Canadian and polite.
Yes.
Then everyone can have a nice chat.
So that's what's going on there.
And today, we're going a little south of the border.
We're going to be talking about the Haudenosaunee and the Dutch and what's now New York.
The reason we're doing this, we really need to get who the players are because the beaver wars are coming.
Ah, the beaver wars.
Yes.
So the beaver wars are coming up.
It depends on who you're reading.
People can say they started in 1603, but whatever.
They haven't really kicked off yet.
Okay.
So you've got like a new team in town.
The Dutch.
The Dutch are in and the English are also in, but they're a little farther south and
they haven't really come into like they don't start, I think, Plymouth.
They don't land on Plymouth Rock for a couple of years.
They're in the mix, like they're in around there.
But in 1607 is when John Smith and the whole Pocahontas story starts down.
Chesapeake Bay, Virginia.
Yeah.
They had tried that Roanoke one.
Roanoke?
Yeah, I remember that.
It's like it's kind of like got this lore about it because they disappeared.
The colony disappeared.
Okay.
It was in like an episode of Supernatural.
Oh, Supernatural.
Yes.
Where I get my where I get my history from.
Yeah, Croatoa.
Croatoa.
That's like a it was.
It was what they wrote.
Like someone wrote that.
Yeah.
But there are some very interesting archaeological developments around that.
Nothing about like demons or anything.
No, what?
No, it's just a lot more human.
It's like, oh, the British people were doing extremely poorly,
and then they just went and lived with Indigenous people.
Oh.
That's basically it.
Oh, okay.
Well, that's actually kind of fun.
Yeah, like it's that's very human.
They're like, wow, everything's terrible.
Anyways, this is really going off on a tangent that I didn't even think to write about.
So there's movement on the board here.
Okay.
So right around the time that Champlain was establishing Quebec,
the Netherlands were sending out explorers and traders to North America too.
So the Englishman, Henry Hudson, was actually working for the Dutch,
for the Dutch East India Company, West India.
And one gets done later.
And he went up the Hudson River and all the way up to Janice Bay and Hudson Bay,
and then got left.
So that adrift and died on that.
Whatever year that was, 16, 11, I think it was.
Don't look at me.
So this isn't a Henry Hudson episode.
It's fine.
We don't need to go into those details.
So Quebec was founded in 1608.
Hudson's first voyage to North America was in 1609.
Oh, yeah, I did write it down.
His last was in 1611.
Oh, that's what his room you need.
That's when he died.
So to contrast the way the French set up their colony,
the Dutch came prepared.
They did not have periods of starvation that played.
Smart.
Yeah, they funded it.
Did they bring food?
Yeah.
Oh, imagine that.
Yeah.
So by the time they were setting up the Dutch West India Company in the 1620s,
they had all this feedback of like, wow, this is a really hard country to live in.
So it's in food.
So right after Hudson's voyages of exploration,
the Dutch East India Company, a trader set up shop along the Hudson.
They set up with things called forts.
So one of the forts was Fort Nassau.
These aren't like huge sprawling things.
These are just little Italy things.
But they gain permission from the Mahikans.
So the Mohikans.
It's confusing.
In the books I'm reading, that's all Mahikan with A.
Oh, okay.
Oh.
But according to the internet.
And the movie, the last of the Mohikans.
I have never seen that movie.
Really?
I don't know why I missed it for shame.
I know it's a big favorite for a lot of people.
So according to the internet and the current Mohikans,
they prefer Mohikan and they live in Pennsylvania now.
So the movie title lied.
Yeah.
We were not the last shocking movie title based on a 19th century book lied.
Wow.
So the Dutch, they wanted to buy the land from them, but they wouldn't sell it.
But the Dutch did live with them on pretty friendly terms.
Like they kind of were like, yeah, you can just come and live and we like your stuff.
We'll give you beaver pelts.
All good.
So the Mohikans are and we're an Algonquian nation.
So Algonquian, like the Algonquins, like the Enu, also known as the Montagnier.
Currently they're known as Anishinaabe.
Yeah.
Or maybe they are not currently.
They always have been.
So they speak similar languages.
Yeah.
So they are friends, are friendly with the Algonquian and the Enu to the north.
And remember, the Mohawk are not friends with them and the Mohawk live in the same area.
As the Mohikans.
Yeah.
So they would know, remember you're a cat?
Yeah.
They know each other.
They're always moving up and down the rivers.
So they lived in the Hudson River Valley in areas that were shared and contested by the Mohawk.
The Susquehonic had also lived there in different areas.
But they had moved or been dispersed.
Would they have been pushed out by the Haudenosaunee?
Yeah, possibly.
So they moved down to the Chesapeake Bay area.
So there's two possible reasons.
They don't preclude one another.
The first is warfare with the Mohawk.
That was the nation that was in that area.
Yeah.
And the Mohawk are part of the Haudenosaunee.
Yeah.
Yes.
Getting it.
Yeah, because they were maybe making life too difficult to sustain.
So they bounced.
The second is that it brought them closer to the trade network for European goods.
Smart.
That the newly settled English brought to Jamestown in what's Virginia.
And they were also in Cape Cod.
If you live beside a waterfall, you're going to get wet.
Yeah.
The Massachusetts Bay Company hasn't started yet, so they're coming.
And that's going to be in another episode when we're talking about Acadia.
I tried to get too much ahead of myself.
So the Mohawk were really trapped on all sides by enemies
and lacked a secure conduit to European trade goods
that were so coveted by all the Indigenous people that were coming
in from the St. Lawrence and the Chesapeake.
So all these goods were there, but they didn't have a pathway other than stealing it.
So this is where the nature of the Dutch presence
really plays an important factor in how the region would be shaped for the next few decades.
So the French and the English were at least in part starting their respective colonies
for the glory of the monarch.
I mean, they were doing it for money.
We know that.
That was a business operation.
But the Virginia colony was for Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen, right?
And the king was helping Champlain, right?
There are buddies.
So the historian Francis Jennings notes about the Dutch,
quote, "The Dutch traders of that early era represented nobody but themselves.
And they were a semi-paradical lot of rough and tough individuals
who certainly did not regard themselves as bound by their competitors' agreements,
or as often as not by their own."
So straight mercenaries.
Yeah.
Okay.
Yeah.
Some real assholes.
Some of them were like kidnapping the Mexican or Mohawk chiefs
and holding them for ransom and just doing...
Oh, wow.
That's not good for long-term relationships.
No, but they didn't care because they get theirs and they get out.
They weren't building settlements.
This isn't like nation building.
They're just under looting and plundering.
This is why they were able to make deals and trade with both the Mohawk and the Mohican.
So the Americans had friends to the north where they could get European goods from.
But finally, the Mohawk had some Europeans they could work with.
The Mohawk were very quick to realize the precarious place they were in
without access to European goods because they'd gotten a whooping.
Oh, yeah.
Well, everybody else has guns and you don't have guns.
You're not in your good shape.
So they were raiding north to the St. Lawrence
and you're the Lushine Rapids frequently.
All the while, the Dutch were setting themselves up around the Hudson Valley,
Annara, Manhattan, eventually.
So have you heard of the two-row wampum belt?
Yes.
So this is where this comes in.
I have a picture of it in my head.
Typically, it's white beads with two parallel lines of purple beads.
I always have them as black in my head,
but I probably have seen only black and white photos.
Black and white photos, yeah.
The purple.
Yeah.
The purple.
It earned wampum beads.
The currency.
It's a currency, but it's also very hard to manufacture, wasn't it?
It got easier with Dutch tools.
Yeah, fair.
Because they got metal awls to drive in the holes.
So that played a part in the growing abundance.
Because it was a currency and it was also a mnemonic device.
Like it contained information.
Oh, interesting.
This one was pretty straightforward.
Like it was just like it's two-row.
So it was like two-rows and growing together in prosperity or something like that?
Yeah.
So essentially it's an agreement or even a philosophy
that the two peoples, the Europeans and the Haudenosaunee,
they have equality, they're traveling together,
but they are separate and sovereign in their friendship.
Yes, okay.
So this is where this begins.
The Dutch were making a really strong play for control of that region.
And the Mohawk, they saw this.
And so they started formal negotiations with,
it's either Jacques or Jacob Yilkins,
who worked for one of the Dutch trading companies or a Dutch trader.
He could have been independent.
It's debated by historians exactly when this treaty was agreed upon,
but John Parmenter, who wrote The Edge of the Woods,
he uses the historical record as well as the Haudenosaunee oral tradition
that says the Taowaganchi Treaty of 1613
is the beginning of the Kazwenta or the two-row Wampum Belt tradition.
Okay.
So it's not to say that, you know,
the earliest Wampum Belt that we have still is the exact one.
Like these things fall apart.
They can't last forever.
But this is when it started.
It's 1613.
After this, some Dutch started working and spending a lot of time with the Mohawk.
And a few men even went with them on a raid against the Susquehonics in 1615.
It did not go very well and the Dutch men were captured,
but they were later ransomed by another Dutchman named Cornelis Hendrickson.
So hold on, they were captured,
but then another Dutchman paid their ransom to get them back.
Yeah, it would have been down Chesapeake Bay area.
And why would the other Dutchmen do that?
Like they're fellow countrymen.
Yeah.
I mean, they weren't like, they weren't completely disloyal to one other.
I imagine there's some level of,
I will pay you back for the getting the ransom plus some extra bonus.
But also they're not monsters.
I mean, some of them might be, but not all of them.
I'm thinking they're mercenaries, but yes, I hear you.
Well, they, yeah, I guess honor among thieves a little bit.
I don't know.
So all this news was making its way up to Champlain.
Because you keep in mind, the Mohicans were friends with the Inu.
Yes.
And the Algonquins.
And they were, you know, scooting around the rivers back and forth.
And the Sesquahonics were also friends around this time.
Echembre lei had gone down to Sesquahonics to see,
to try and get them to join in the fight in 1615.
Okay.
Where they kind of lost against that fort.
Well, they thought they won, but they wasted like four months of their time,
just like in skirmishes.
Yeah.
And Champlain was like, what the hell was that about?
I was thinking about this.
So I'm going to take us on a bit of a tangent.
My thinking around warfare and my thinking around like why nations engage in warfare,
my European view of it, so much of it is, will you engage in warfare or gain,
often monetary gain, like especially back then.
In domination.
Well, they would raid and they would get stuff.
And you would overcome a trade network or like there'd be like a real reason for it.
And in this case, when I think about that, I was like, they spent like two months getting there.
They had a bunch of skirmishes and then they didn't really accomplish anything.
And then they spent at least two months getting back.
So think of what you can build in four months with like a hundred men.
It just wasted four months of their time.
Like it's a tremendous use of resources for what was at home hardware.
It was like, why am I like so disturbed by this?
This bothers you, but they didn't accomplish anything.
But they did it to them because it's all part of getting the people to do the ceremony.
Like a morning war is also getting the people to adopt them into your family.
Yeah, I mean, that does my head in.
All right.
So yeah, so Champlain's little colony, it was still really weak, really weak.
They did not have many colonists at all in the 1610s.
So because of this weakness, it was.
Was this around the time when they had like 20 or something absurd?
Yeah, well, the 1608 was when the colony started when they had 28 and then they had eight.
Yeah.
Yeah, yeah, I would call that.
I would call that weak, like, yeah, really, really fragile, eight.
It's like a large family.
So because of their weakness, it was important to Champlain to try and make peace with the Mohawk.
They could not afford to have the Mohawk raid their little colony or attack Tuarevier or Tatusak.
They didn't have men to spare.
Yeah.
So the first real chance that Champlain got to make this peace was in 1622.
When Tu Haudenosaunee showed up at Tuarevier because they wanted to see relatives that had
been captured from other raids, I'm like, that's a ballsy.
Okay.
That's, listen, the personal bravery of these people is stunning.
Yeah, well, they were captured.
So I want to just go for a visit.
I want to go see them.
Like, I'm like, what?
Can you just show up?
It was like two brothers and a canoe.
Oh my goodness.
Like, maybe there's some sort of, like, gentlemen's thing that if it's not a part of a morning
war, you're not going to get captured.
Yeah.
Well, they don't get captured.
That's so wild.
So Champlain, he sees these dudes and he thought, oh, this is great.
And he has them escorted to Quebec.
And the Haudenosaunee, they had pelts with them.
They gave them to the French and the Algonquin.
And they met with Myhegan Attic.
And he's the son of Anadabiju.
And Anadabiju is one of the guys that was at that big party in Tatarsak in 1603.
Okay.
Do you remember that?
There was like--
See the bearded guy?
No, that's the Mi'kmaq chief.
Totally wrong.
So Anadabiju was there.
So this is Myhegan Attic and who's the son of Anadabiju.
So just keeping all that people.
So it was a big bash.
There was so many people there.
It's Schindig, a real party.
The Haudenosaunee, they did a ceremonial dance with the Algonquins.
And the Haudenosaunee dancers kissed Anadabiju's hand
and placed it in champlains as a token of peace between them all.
This all sounds great, right?
A nice little tripartite pact.
Got the Algonquin.
You got the French.
You got the Haudenosaunee.
It's going to be great.
But it was only just two random brothers.
Yeah.
Okay.
Yeah, okay, go wrong.
Yeah.
Okay, so but Champlain is like, yeah, this is great.
Let's do this.
Yeah.
Let's, let's, I mean, it's got to start somewhere, right?
Yeah.
So Champlain sends four of the Algonquins with gifts from him,
the pelts to be taken with the two Haudenosaunee on the return journey
so that they could work on concluding this new piece.
Along the way, one of the Algonquins murdered one of the Haudenosaunee.
Perfect, perfect.
So that busted that up.
Good call.
A few weeks later, six Haudenosaunee came to see Champlain
to try and make peace despite all this.
Make it work by dismissing that the murder was just a personal conflict.
Okay.
That does not need to affect the building of peace between them and the French.
But Champlain did not realize that what they were trying to get him to do
was mediate the issue.
He did not pick up what they were putting down at all.
And so they went away kind of pissed off.
Okay.
Everything is so fragile.
So the next few years, things are pretty wild.
Just the Haudenosaunee are still attacking and whatever.
When they're trying to keep this truce and they attack a few times
and they capture a recollect priest and he was returned in a prisoner exchange in 1622.
And then in 1623, there was a battle in 6060, Haudenosaunee were captured.
And then that led to a truce.
And the Mohawk were even up to 12 a year in 1624 to trade.
They kept trying.
They kept trying.
And it's so confusing.
But what they call a truce, some attacks still happen.
That's like a truce today.
I guess, yeah.
It happens all the time.
It's a truce between Ukraine and Russia.
Attacks are constant.
So by 1627, things had continued truce-ish.
And then some Inu decided to travel down to Lake Champlain.
Pretending everything was all hunky-dory.
And they captured three Haudenosaunee, probably Mohawk.
And they brought them back to Quebec and they started in on the torture nonsense.
Of course.
And Champlain and Maheganatic arrived and put a stop to it.
And one Mohawk he had escaped earlier, right from the jump he'd escaped.
And Champlain, he decided to send the prisoners back home and got an Inu head man named
Cherubuni to take them along with a Frenchman named Pierre Mangan.
So Cherubuni and the Frenchman, they are never seen again.
They are executed right away.
Oh.
By the Seneca.
Okay.
The Seneca were like, they got to the Mohawk village and the Seneca were there and like,
done.
They may have been tortured.
We don't know.
Yes.
Anyways, it was a whole.
Anyway, so that truce is done.
Yeah, that's poached.
All the while is going on, the Dutcher doing their thing.
They got the traders and they're giving information back home.
And there's all sorts of goods that the Mohawk and the Mahegan want.
They like it's called duffel.
So like a duffel.
It's a type of fabric.
Is it whether you use duffel bags?
Yeah, that's where it comes from.
Like a nice sturdy fabric.
Yeah, yeah.
So they're like, this is great.
I'm going to make me some shirts out of this.
Shirts?
Okay.
I remember my dad had an army duffel bag.
I'm sure it was like real duffel.
It was tough.
It would be a sturdy shirt.
That's for sure.
So the Mohawk and Mahegans, particularly the Mohawk,
they adopted these European goods very easily, particularly clothing.
So what we would consider shirts, they were like an overcoat.
Oh, okay.
That makes more sense.
And because of how they wore it and they got real greasy,
they were great coats.
Yeah, that would be great.
And they would put furs on it and they'd get super greasy.
They would be like an anorac.
Yes.
So all the wild eelkins was making the deal with the Mohawk.
So that eelkins is the guy that did the two were Wampum belt in 1613.
There were other traders, they were cozying up with the Mahegans.
And they entered a treaty of friendship and non-aggression in 1618.
The Mahekin referred to it as tying the Dutch ships to their shores with a rope.
So they had this metaphor for it.
Same idea as two were Wampum belt were working together.
They just used this and how they explained it.
So they were still trading with the Mohawk.
But as the years went on, the Dutch joined the Mahekin more militarily against the Mohawk.
So in 1621, the Dutch West India Company was formed.
So they would have a more cohesive policy that the Dutch would adhere to rather than
anything go situation previously where the traders were acting independently and being awful.
They're still pretty awful though.
I wonder, I know that there was even a buy in the Bastards episode and the East India
companies and the West India companies.
Oh yeah, but the East India Company, that one was in India.
Like actual India.
I wonder which is worse.
The Rando traders doing whatever they want or the industrial sized.
Industrial sized because the individual guys, they could just be picked off.
They can only do so much damage versus yeah, the industrial size is yeah, you're right.
Yeah, so 1624, things really ramp up between the Mahekin and the Mohawk.
The Mahekin destroy three of the Mohawk villages in 1625 and this would have been quite up below.
And things go pretty well for the Mahekin for a bit and they invite some Dutchmen from Fort
Orange to join them in an attack in 1626.
The commander of Fort Orange, Daniel Van Krickenbeek.
Krickenbeek, that's a name.
Oh my god.
That's amazing.
All right, so then Krickenbeek, Beckbeek, whatever.
There's two E's and a C and a K at the end.
Okay.
We joined them along with five other Dutch and many Mahekin for this attack, this raid.
I guess they did not do enough advance reconnaissance because they were ambushed
just three miles from the fort.
Not good.
That's not far.
No, you can see that far from the fort.
Yeah, not good at all.
I mean, they're good at blending it, right?
Yeah, that's true.
This is not like open plains.
These are woods.
So that's true, but still that's really close.
Yeah, they killed 24 Mahekin and four of the Dutch, including Van Krickenbeek.
Oh, even the Mahekin got ambushed.
Okay.
Well, they were together.
Yeah, yeah.
There's 24 killed and the Mohawk were pretty pissed at the Dutch for not going along with
the two or a Wampum Belt philosophy because they ate them.
Oh, wow.
They took it home pieces.
Okay.
Like it was like, we're saving this for later.
Yeah.
We're going to dry this.
Oh, sorry.
No, they didn't do that.
They were not happy with them.
So then one of the other guys went to try and make peace and whatever.
They kind of smooth things over.
But after that, the Dutch, they kind of backed right off
from being in with the Mahekin and the Mohawk.
They're just like, we're going to let them fight.
Cannibalism does something.
It's just like, you know what?
You guys are crazy.
Yeah, I am not.
Nope.
You guys fight it out.
How did they know about the cannibalism?
Because they told them there were survivors.
And it's not like they keep it a secret.
They're not ashamed of it.
They're just like, whatever, guys, you guys fight.
And then we're going to see who wins.
And the Mohawk won.
By 1628, the Mohawk had soundly defeated the Mahekin.
And the Mahekin retreated to Connecticut.
And then some came back after a while
and they kind of gave tribute to the Mohawk to be allowed to stay.
Again, this is not an American colonial history podcast.
No.
So we're not trying to get into all the establishment of Manhattan
and blah, blah, blah.
No, I'm not doing that.
But yeah, the Dutch, they did turn up their colonization plans.
They ramped it right up.
And they overtake the French real fast.
Well, it seems like they knew what they were doing.
They brought food.
They brought families.
Early, they brought like 30 families pretty early.
It's a lot of families, like 100 people.
Yeah, that'll take over Champlain's 20% colony.
This is in like 1625, 1626.
They brought over 30 families.
By 1630, they had over 300 people in New Netherlands.
By contrast, there was still only 100 colonists in New France in that year.
And they'd been at that game for 30 years.
Wow, it came with funding, right?
Yeah, we're here to make money.
Mm-hmm.
And it's not like Western New York is really that much better than Quebec weather-wise.
No, no, it's really not.
Maybe a little, like the snow's a little deeper, maybe in Quebec.
But I mean, it's still shit.
I don't want to spend winter in Albany.
So the table is set now for who the players are.
The English are coming in.
The Massachusetts Bay Company is going to get set up soon.
The Dutch West India Company is set up.
So that's the Fort Orange/Albany Manhattan long island,
that area that they colonized.
Mm-hmm.
The pilgrims coming.
Oh, yeah.
The Puritans are coming.
Yeah.
The English are already in Chesapeake.
That's all I'll go.
Next up, we're going to be talking about Acadia again.
This is when the colony gets planted properly.
But Champlain doesn't have anything to do with that one.
He's coming up.
It's the Recala and the Jesuits.
The Jesuits?
Like my backyard growing up.
Yeah, yeah.
Midland.
Midland, St. Marie among the Hurons.
That was the whole thing.
Anyways, so Jean de Brebeuf gets got.
But that's a hell of a story.
So that's coming down the road.
The Beaver Wars are on.
We'll be talking about the colony actually getting built.
Champlain's child bride comes over.
Are we going to do an episode on the Beaver Wars?
Yeah, well, it's all part of it.
All that stuff I've talked about how warfare had been done.
It's changing now.
And the Beaver Wars is the big shift.
Okay.
Where you're not going head to head because your armor does not work anymore.
Your wooden armor doesn't work.
So all the things that we think of about Indigenous warfare,
from say the Seven Years War, or if you watched The Last of the Mohicans.
Yeah.
The Gorilla Warfare.
Yeah, they did raids, but that wasn't the norm.
Oh, okay.
So that was like very recent.
They only developed that after the guns came.
Yeah.
I mean, they would have.
They would have done little raids and skirmishes and things like that.
Because they were always good at blending in.
That was always normal.
But if you're going to do warfare when you have an axe and they have a gun,
you're going to want to be fast.
You're not going to stand there and you're going to not going to
walk forward until they see the white's your eye.
That's not happening anymore.
Yeah.
If you're going to bring a knife to a gunfight,
it is a change in tactic.
And you're going to do it in the dark.
Yes.
So these things are what's happening in the Beaver Wars.
So all these little skirmishes that the Inu or in the Ungonquin,
when they just screw over any type of peace,
because they don't really get in trouble or killing some guy.
Because they're allowed, you know, if someone wronged you,
you're allowed to go after them.
Yeah, yeah.
Because the way the nations are organized is kind of the grand tribal council
is for peace, whereas warfare is personal.
Oh, okay, interesting.
So if your kinswomen need you to take care of business,
they will talk to you and they will talk to the head men
and the war chiefs and be like, you've got to go.
And they will do that.
And that may not necessarily be what the grand council want.
Gotcha.
Because that's not their role.
So things are going to shift for lots of different reasons
related to lots and lots of people dying.
It sounds like even control and hierarchy in terms of nations
is going to shift pretty dramatically with all these different groups.
There's going to be some real sad episodes coming up with the disease stuff.
It is horrific.
It's literally an apocalypse.
You cannot fathom how horrific it all is.
And we know all this because of the Jesuits.
Because they write it in what's called the Jesuit relations.
It's not like relations as in relatives,
as in relations as I am relating the story to you.
Anyways, it's super, super sad.
It's going to get dark folks real dark.
So this is the setup.
We've got the Mohawk and all the Haudenosaunee.
And it's going to be a lot of warfare and a lot of disease
and a lot of religious stuff.
So it's going to be Haudenosaunee versus Wendat for the most part.
Yeah, that's how it plays out.
They're about 20 to 25,000 people each.
And they're well matched.
And it sounds like the Haudenosaunee almost had a chance for the European allies.
At least early on with the Mohawk.
Probably not because they didn't have control of the rivers up north.
And they didn't have control of the pelts.
The pelts from the north are far superior.
And the beaver will get hunted out really fast in the Haudenosaunee country.
Gotcha.
So they need the ones from the north.
And they don't have the Ottawa River that transports it down to the St. Lawrence.
So that's where the Gonquins and Neshanabe control that.
And then over to the west in Simcoe County is the Wendat.
And then they have friends farther north as well.
And those friends have friends up in Hudson Bay.
So it's all this kinship network.
So that's what's coming up.
Okay, sweet. Looking forward to it.
Thanks everyone.
And yeah, leave a review if you don't mind.
Yeah, really appreciate it.
If you don't want to, then just listen.
That's awesome too.
Tell a friend.
Yeah.
Yeah.
Tell an enemy.
I don't care.
All right.
Bye.
